SME sector, a crucial area of the corporate competitiveness measurement

We meet the concept of competitiveness more and more, however there is no agreement on at what level this concept can be interpreted. The majority of the competitiveness researchers reckon it as a microeconomic category i.e. a thing which can be interpreted to corporate level as well as product level. The importance of SME sectors competitiveness is increasingly emphasized within the corporate competitiveness but, in practice, such models are still not created which would specialize in measuring the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises. The corporate competitiveness is generally examined by means of criteria formed on the basis of the same competitiveness definition, not to highlight the specifics of SMEs, thus the results of analyzes has a good chance to be inaccurate. Therefore, the aim of this monograph is to compile a possible analytical framework taking the peculiar conditions of the small and medium-sized enterprises into consideration

Munkaerő-piaci folyamatok az észak-alföldi régióban, humánerőforrás fejlesztés, mint a versenyképesség záloga

In recent years, the competitive disadvantage of Northern Great Plain region is increasingly growing compared to the more developed regions of our country. Cause of the lag is extremely complex; the unfavourable infrastructural conditions can be regarded as one of the major causes, including, within that, the inappropriate quality of the available human resource has an outstanding importance. The unfavourable economic situation can also be detected through the labour market processes. Stopping the lagging process of the region and later setting the region on a developing course largely depend on the quality of human resource. The ability to amass and apply the knowledge, information and innovation has become the most important source of the competitive advantage. Those countries and regions could be beneficiary of the changed economic processes which possess the ability mentioned above. Aim of this treatise is to expound the labour market situation and ongoing processes being specific to the region and, after that, to designate a possible route of human resource development

Increasing the competitiveness by "leaning"

Numerous definitions regarding the different levels of competitiveness can be found in the specialized literature. This treatise deals with the effect of Lean on the competitiveness, from its point of view, the corporate-level as well as product- level competitiveness are decisíve. Several competítiveness researchers agree that the leaning practices of Lean enhance the corporate-level competitiveness but the results expected from leaning and the actually realized results do not correspond with each other fully in most cases. Its reason is that Lean, by itself, is not able to solve fundamental production problems. However, there is no accordance in the guestion what causes the growth of competitiveness exactly. Typically, the so-called "hard" technical practices are highlighted, albeit the accentuation of "soft" factors becomes more and more justified, in my opinion. Lean increasingly outgrows the production system of corporations, every process of the corporation can be leaned, even in case of a corporation performing service providing activity as well

A humán erőforrás szerepe a versenyképességben

The localization appears more emphatically in the economy forming and transforming as a result of globalization, the economic role of regions and subregions is increasingly appreciated. In addition to the treatises researching the corporate and national competitiveness, more and more researches spring up which examine the competitiveness at regional level. At whatever level we examine the competitiveness, the knowledge in the people’s head has a prominent importance. In spite of this, the domestic researches dealing with the examination of regional development do not emphasize the role of knowledge, examining it in the human resource system is less typical. However, the human resource is not a simple totality of the human factors, more than that, it is significantly formed by the social conditions and the institutional system as well. It is necessary to present the human resource together with its mechanisms of action and the factor system influencing mostly. Namely, the aim of this treatise is to present the regional factors effecting on the human resource and to examine its effect on the regional competitiveness through the example of Northern Great Plain region

Az Észak-alföldi régió hátrányos gazdasági helyzetének főbb okai, megújuló energiaforrások hasznosítása, mint lehetséges kitörési pont

The development gaps existing between individual areas of the European Community were not equalized after realization of the four freedoms and the common market either. From the 1960s, the need for harmonizing the regional policies and then the establishment of the communal regional policy have become more and more pronounced. In the European Union resting on the basis of the European Community, it is still a task of strategic importance to get the less developed regions caught up with the more developed areas. In this treatise, I examine – in relation to regional policy of the EU – the main reasons of the disadvantageous economic situation of Észak-Alföld (Northern Great Plain) region and the possibilities for utilizing the renewable energy sources. This region is a key strategic area with regard to the Hungarian agriculture; in spite of this, it has been one of the most underdeveloped regions for a long time. Most subregions of Észak-Alföld region belong to the most disadvantaged ones in terms of territorial development. I particularly examine the following things among the main causes lurking behind the disadvantageous economic situation: the organisational system background of economy, the reasons for inadequate intensity of capital investment from abroad, the low levels of research and development outgoings as well as the transport infrastructure. Following that, I present the region’s potentials in utilizing biomass and geothermal energy

Az Észak-alföldi régió hátrányos gazdasági helyzetének főbb okai, megújuló energiaforrások hasznosítása, mint lehetséges kitörési pont

The development gaps existing between individual areas of the European Community were not equalized after realization of the four freedoms and the common market either. From the 1960s, the need for harmonizing the regional policies and then the establishment of the communal regional policy have become more and more pronounced. In the European Union resting on the basis of the European Community, it is still a task of strategic importance to get the less developed regions caught up with the more developed areas. In this treatise, I examine – in relation to regional policy of the EU – the main reasons of the disadvantageous economic situation of Észak-Alföld (Northern Great Plain) region and the possibilities for utilizing the renewable energy sources. This region is a key strategic area with regard to the Hungarian agriculture; in spite of this, it has been one of the most underdeveloped regions for a long time. Most subregions of Észak-Alföld region belong to the most disadvantaged ones in terms of territorial development. I particularly examine the following things among the main causes lurking behind the disadvantageous economic situation: the organisational system background of economy, the reasons for inadequate intensity of capital investment from abroad, the low levels of research and development outgoings as well as the transport infrastructure. Following that, I present the region’s potentials in utilizing biomass and geothermal energy

A humán erőforrás szerepe a versenyképességben

The localization appears more emphatically in the economy forming and transforming as a result of globalization, the economic role of regions and subregions is increasingly appreciated. In addition to the treatises researching the corporate and national competitiveness, more and more researches spring up which examine the competitiveness at regional level. At whatever level we examine the competitiveness, the knowledge in the people’s head has a prominent importance. In spite of this, the domestic researches dealing with the examination of regional development do not emphasize the role of knowledge, examining it in the human resource system is less typical. However, the human resource is not a simple totality of the human factors, more than that, it is significantly formed by the social conditions and the institutional system as well. It is necessary to present the human resource together with its mechanisms of action and the factor system influencing mostly. Namely, the aim of this treatise is to present the regional factors effecting on the human resource and to examine its effect on the regional competitiveness through the example of Northern Great Plain region

Financial resources: loans

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Turisztikai célú támogatások szerepe az Észak-Alföld Régió fejlődésében

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Molecular Characterization of Novel Mycoviruses in Seven Umbelopsis Strains

The presence of viruses is less explored in Mucoromycota as compared to other fungal groups such as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Recently, more and more mycoviruses are identified from the early-diverging lineages of fungi. We have determined the genome of 11 novel dsRNA viruses in seven different Umbelopsis strains with next-generation sequencing (NGS). The identified viruses were named Umbelopsis ramanniana virus 5 (UrV5), 6a (UrV6a); 6b (UrV6b); 7 (UrV7); 8a (UrV8a); 8b (UrV8b); Umbelopsis gibberispora virus 1 (UgV1); 2 (UgV2) and Umbelopsis dimorpha virus 1a (UdV1a), 1b (UdV1b) and 2 (UdV2). All the newly identified viruses contain two open reading frames (ORFs), which putatively encode the coat protein (CP) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively. Based on the phylogeny inferred from the RdRp sequences, eight viruses (UrV7, UrV8a, UrV8b, UgV1, UgV2, UdV1a, UdV1b and UdV2) belong to the genus Totivirus, while UrV5, UrV6a and UrV6b are placed into a yet unclassified but well-defined Totiviridae-related group. In UrV5, UgV1, UgV2, UrV8b, UdV1a, UdV2 and UdV1b, ORF2 is predicted to be translated as a fusion protein via a rare +1 (or-2) ribosomal frameshift, which is not characteristic to most members of the Totivirus genus. Virus particles 31 to 32 nm in diameter could be detected in the examined fungal strains by transmission electron microscopy. Through the identification and characterization of new viruses of Mucoromycota fungi, we can gain insight into the diversity of mycoviruses, as well as into their phylogeny and genome organization